Nanotechnology is a dynamic branch of science that transforms and manipulates substances on a molecular and even atomic level. Liposomes refer to microscopic cellular bubbles made of materials called phospholipids, which are similar to human cell material and are both attracted to and repelled by water. Liposomal formulation helps create these structures for use in the targeted delivery of medication.
The significance of these vesicular containers containing soluble molecules first became apparent soon after they appeared during the 1960s. Pharmacists as well as researchers recognized their potential for safely and slowly administering specific pharmaceuticals important to treating cancer and other illnesses. The new method could target undesirable cells more efficiently, and had fewer side issues associated with some medications.
The concept they use is radically different because it does not depend of standard modes of absorption typical of IV or oral administration. Conventional chemical processes can make management of specialized drugs more difficult. They are indiscriminate in their toxicity, and affect healthy organs as well, resulting in unnecessary damage and more lengthy recovery. When delivered via liposomes, release of toxic medication can be better controlled.
The molecules of a drug are suspended in water within the structure of the artificial cell, which is surrounded by a manufactured membrane. The formulating process of specifically designed liposomes transforms them into mechanisms ideal for transporting hydrophilic drugs, or those that are attracted to water and dissolve effectively. Current methods produce two primary forms called unilammelar and multilammelar, and subcategories include varying sizes.
The liposomes are made to surround the medications with membranes, and when activated release those molecules into other cells. This can be done by fusing the layers, causing them to interact with adjacent human cells, and releasing medication in the process. Other activation strategies include using specific chemical reactions to encourage molecular diffusion. The end result is a controlled, steady delivery.
This not only creates medicines that are more easily administered and managed, but does so in a bio-compatible way that leaves little toxic residue in non-targeted organs. Relatively recent developments involve the use of ultrasound to trigger release in specific locations where they are necessary. Other delivery methods include using the respiratory system, especially the lungs, where they can be activated slowly, reducing unwanted toxicity.
It is still costly to manufacture these microscopic capsules for medical use. As continuing research produces a growing number of uses for this kind of nanotechnology, the overall expense will decline, but will not become cheap. Because this is relatively new technology in many ways, there are issues that still must be resolved. Some types of structures have experienced cellular leaking, and others have been affected by oxidation.
Like many medical innovations, liposomes are increasingly being used commercially. They are being called a better way to deliver vitamin, herbal and mineral supplements, and there are popular recipes for the personal creation of dietary supplements. While these uses produce their own controversies, the continued development of better medication delivery systems gives additional hope for advanced treatments.
The significance of these vesicular containers containing soluble molecules first became apparent soon after they appeared during the 1960s. Pharmacists as well as researchers recognized their potential for safely and slowly administering specific pharmaceuticals important to treating cancer and other illnesses. The new method could target undesirable cells more efficiently, and had fewer side issues associated with some medications.
The concept they use is radically different because it does not depend of standard modes of absorption typical of IV or oral administration. Conventional chemical processes can make management of specialized drugs more difficult. They are indiscriminate in their toxicity, and affect healthy organs as well, resulting in unnecessary damage and more lengthy recovery. When delivered via liposomes, release of toxic medication can be better controlled.
The molecules of a drug are suspended in water within the structure of the artificial cell, which is surrounded by a manufactured membrane. The formulating process of specifically designed liposomes transforms them into mechanisms ideal for transporting hydrophilic drugs, or those that are attracted to water and dissolve effectively. Current methods produce two primary forms called unilammelar and multilammelar, and subcategories include varying sizes.
The liposomes are made to surround the medications with membranes, and when activated release those molecules into other cells. This can be done by fusing the layers, causing them to interact with adjacent human cells, and releasing medication in the process. Other activation strategies include using specific chemical reactions to encourage molecular diffusion. The end result is a controlled, steady delivery.
This not only creates medicines that are more easily administered and managed, but does so in a bio-compatible way that leaves little toxic residue in non-targeted organs. Relatively recent developments involve the use of ultrasound to trigger release in specific locations where they are necessary. Other delivery methods include using the respiratory system, especially the lungs, where they can be activated slowly, reducing unwanted toxicity.
It is still costly to manufacture these microscopic capsules for medical use. As continuing research produces a growing number of uses for this kind of nanotechnology, the overall expense will decline, but will not become cheap. Because this is relatively new technology in many ways, there are issues that still must be resolved. Some types of structures have experienced cellular leaking, and others have been affected by oxidation.
Like many medical innovations, liposomes are increasingly being used commercially. They are being called a better way to deliver vitamin, herbal and mineral supplements, and there are popular recipes for the personal creation of dietary supplements. While these uses produce their own controversies, the continued development of better medication delivery systems gives additional hope for advanced treatments.
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